WCF(7)：消息处理(异步调用OneWay, 双向通讯Duplex)

介绍
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation) - 消息处理：通过操作契约的IsOneWay参数实现异步调用，基于Http, TCP, Named Pipe, MSMQ的双向通讯。


示例(异步调用OneWay)
1、服务
IOneWay.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Message
{
   /// <summary>
    /// IOneWay接口
    /// </summary>
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IOneWay
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 不使用OneWay(同步调用)
        /// </summary>
        [OperationContract]
        void WithoutOneWay();

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用OneWay(异步调用)
        /// </summary>
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)]
        void WithOneWay();
    }
}

OneWay.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// OneWay类
    /// </summary>
    public class OneWay : IOneWay
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 不使用OneWay(同步调用)
        /// 抛出Exception异常
        /// </summary>
        public void WithoutOneWay()
        {
            throw new System.Exception("抛出Exception异常");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 使用OneWay(异步调用)
        /// 抛出Exception异常
        /// </summary>
        public void WithOneWay()
        {
            throw new System.Exception("抛出Exception异常");
        }
    }
}


2、宿主
OneWay.cs
using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(WCF.ServiceLib.Message.OneWay)))
{
    host.Open();

    Console.WriteLine("服务已启动(WCF.ServiceLib.Message.OneWay)");
    Console.WriteLine("按<ENTER>停止服务");
    Console.ReadLine();

}

App.config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <!--name - 提供服务的类名-->
      <!--behaviorConfiguration - 指定相关的行为配置-->
      <service name="WCF.ServiceLib.Message.OneWay" behaviorConfiguration="MessageBehavior">
        <!--address - 服务地址-->
        <!--binding - 通信方式-->
        <!--contract - 服务契约-->
        <endpoint address="" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="WCF.ServiceLib.Message.IOneWay" />
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:12345/Message/OneWay/"/>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="MessageBehavior">
          <!--httpGetEnabled - 使用get方式提供服务-->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>


3、客户端
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ServiceModel;

namespace Client2.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 演示Message.OneWay的类
    /// </summary>
    public class OneWay
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 调用IsOneWay=true的操作契约（异步操作）
        /// </summary>
        public void HelloWithOneWay()
        {
            try
            {
                var proxy = new MessageSvc.OneWay.OneWayClient();

                proxy.WithOneWay();

                proxy.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 调用IsOneWay=false的操作契约（同步操作）
        /// </summary>
        public void HelloWithoutOneWay()
        {
            try
            {
                var proxy = new MessageSvc.OneWay.OneWayClient();

                proxy.WithoutOneWay();

                proxy.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
            }
        }
    }
}

App.config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <client>
      <!--address - 服务地址-->
      <!--binding - 通信方式-->
      <!--contract - 服务契约-->
      <endpoint address="http://localhost:12345/Message/OneWay/" binding="basicHttpBinding" contract="MessageSvc.OneWay.IOneWay" />
    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>


运行结果：
单击"btnWithOneWay"按钮，没有弹出提示框。（异步操作）
单击"btnWithoutOneWay"按钮，弹出错误提示框。（同步操作）



示例(双向通讯Duplex)
1、服务
IDuplex.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// IDuplex接口
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// CallbackContract - 回调接口
    /// </remarks>
    [ServiceContract(CallbackContract = typeof(IDuplexCallback))]
    public interface IDuplex
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Hello
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">名字</param>
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void HelloDuplex(string name);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// IDuplex回调接口
    /// </summary>
    public interface IDuplexCallback
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Hello
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)]
        void HelloDuplexCallback(string name);
    }
}


Duplex.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;

namespace WCF.ServiceLib.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Duplex类
    /// </summary>
    public class Duplex : IDuplex
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Hello
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">名字</param>
        public void HelloDuplex(string name)
        {
            // 声明回调接口
            IDuplexCallback callback = OperationContext.Current.GetCallbackChannel<IDuplexCallback>();
            
            // 调用回调接口中的方法
            callback.HelloDuplexCallback(name);
        }
    }
}



2、宿主
Duplex.cs

using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(WCF.ServiceLib.Message.Duplex)))
{
    host.Open();

    Console.WriteLine("服务已启动(WCF.ServiceLib.Message.Duplex)");
    Console.WriteLine("按<ENTER>停止服务");
    Console.ReadLine();

}


App.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <!--name - 提供服务的类名-->
      <!--behaviorConfiguration - 指定相关的行为配置-->
      <service name="WCF.ServiceLib.Message.Duplex" behaviorConfiguration="MessageBehavior">
        <!--address - 服务地址-->
        <!--binding - 通信方式-->
        <!--contract - 服务契约-->
        <!--双向通讯可以基于Http, TCP, Named Pipe, MSMQ；其中基于Http的双向通讯会创建两个信道(Channel)，即需要创建两个http连接-->
        <!--endpoint address="Message/Duplex" binding="wsDualHttpBinding" contract="WCF.ServiceLib.Message.IDuplex" /-->
        <endpoint address="Message/Duplex" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="WCF.ServiceLib.Message.IDuplex" />
        <endpoint address="mex" binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange" />
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <add baseAddress="http://localhost:12345/Message/Duplex"/>
            <add baseAddress="net.tcp://localhost:54321/"/>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
      </service>
    </services>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior name="MessageBehavior">
          <!--httpGetEnabled - 使用get方式提供服务-->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>



3、客户端
Duplex.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Client2.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 演示Message.Duplex的类
    /// </summary>
    public class Duplex
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Hello
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">名字</param>
        public void HelloDulex(string name)
        {
            var ct = new Client2.Message.CallbackType();
            var ctx = new InstanceContext(ct);

            var proxy = new MessageSvc.Duplex.DuplexClient(ctx);

            proxy.HelloDuplex(name);
        }
    }
}


CallbackType.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Client2.Message
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 实现回调接口
    /// </summary>
    public class CallbackType : MessageSvc.Duplex.IDuplexCallback
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Hello
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">名字</param>
        public void HelloDuplexCallback(string name)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("Hello: " + name);
        }
    }
}


App.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <client>
      <!--address - 服务地址-->
      <!--binding - 通信方式-->
      <!--contract - 服务契约-->
      <!--endpoint address="http://localhost:12345/Message/Duplex/" binding="wsDualHttpBinding" contract="MessageSvc.Duplex.IDuplex" /-->
      <endpoint address="net.tcp://localhost:54321/Message/Duplex" binding="netTcpBinding" contract="MessageSvc.Duplex.IDuplex" />
    </client>
  </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>



运行结果：
单击"btnDuplex"按钮后弹出提示框，显示"Hello: webabcd"