总的来说,CodeTimer有两个公开方法,一个是Initialize,一个是Time:
public static class CodeTimer
{
public static void Initialize()
{
Process.GetCurrentProcess().PriorityClass = ProcessPriorityClass.High;
Thread.CurrentThread.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;
Time("", 1, () => { });
}
public static void Time(string name, int iteration, Action action)
{
...
}
}
CodeTimer.Initialize方法应该在测试开始前调用。首先它会把当前进程及当前线程的优先级设为最高,这样便可以相对减少操作 系统在调度上造成的干扰。然后调用一次Time方法进行“预热”,让JIT将IL编译成本地代码,让Time方法尽快“进入状态”。Time方法则是真正 用于性能计数的方法,实现如下:
public static void Time(string name, int iteration, Action action)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) return;
// 1.
ConsoleColor currentForeColor = Console.ForegroundColor;
Console.ForegroundColor = ConsoleColor.Yellow;
Console.WriteLine(name);
// 2.
GC.Collect(GC.MaxGeneration, GCCollectionMode.Forced);
int[] gcCounts = new int[GC.MaxGeneration + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= GC.MaxGeneration; i++)
{
gcCounts[i] = GC.CollectionCount(i);
}
// 3.
Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
watch.Start();
ulong cycleCount = GetCycleCount();
for (int i = 0; i < iteration; i++) action();
ulong cpuCycles = GetCycleCount() - cycleCount;
watch.Stop();
// 4.
Console.ForegroundColor = currentForeColor;
Console.WriteLine("\tTime Elapsed:\t" + watch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString("N0") + "ms");
Console.WriteLine("\tCPU Cycles:\t" + cpuCycles.ToString("N0"));
// 5.
for (int i = 0; i <= GC.MaxGeneration; i++)
{
int count = GC.CollectionCount(i) - gcCounts[i];
Console.WriteLine("\tGen " + i + ": \t\t" + count);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
private static ulong GetCycleCount()
{
ulong cycleCount = 0;
QueryThreadCycleTime(GetCurrentThread(), ref cycleCount);
return cycleCount;
}
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool QueryThreadCycleTime(IntPtr threadHandle, ref ulong cycleTime);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr GetCurrentThread();
Time方法接受三个参数,名称,循环次数以及需要执行的方法体。打印出花费时间,消耗的CPU时钟周期,以及各代垃圾收集的回收次数。具体实现分几个步骤,如下:
与传统计数方法相比,这段代码还输出了更多信息:CPU时钟周期及各代垃圾收集回收次数。CPU时钟周期是性能计数中的辅助参考,说明CPU分 配了多少时间片给这段方法来执行,它和消耗时间并没有必然联系。例如Thread.Sleep方法会让CPU暂时停止对当前线程的“供给”,这样虽然消耗 了时间,但是节省了CPU时钟周期:
CodeTimer.Time("Thread Sleep", 1, () => { Thread.Sleep(3000); });
CodeTimer.Time("Empty Method", 10000000, () => { });

而垃圾收集次数的统计,即直观地反应了方法资源分配(消耗)的规模:
int iteration = 100 * 1000;
string s = "";
CodeTimer.Time("String Concat", iteration, () => { s += "a"; });
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
CodeTimer.Time("StringBuilder", iteration, () => { sb.Append("a"); });
